Cyber Law in Pakistan: A Legal Analysis of Online Fraud, Digital Financial Crime, and Comparative International Frameworks
Synopsis
The proliferation of digital technology in Pakistan has brought with it an alarming surge in cybercrime, particularly online financial fraud. This monograph critically examines the phenomenon of online fraud in Pakistan, with particular focus on WhatsApp account hacking and subsequent unauthorized money transfers via mobile wallets such as Easypaisa and JazzCash. The study maps the dominant modes of digital fraud, evaluates the adequacy of Pakistan's existing cyber law framework primarily the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016 (PECA 2016) and undertakes a comparative analysis with international legal instruments including the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and the legal frameworks of the United Kingdom and India. The monograph concludes that while Pakistan possesses a foundational cyber law architecture, significant gaps persist in enforcement, digital forensics, and harmonization with global standards (Ali & Hasan, 2021; Federal Investigation Agency [FIA], 2023).
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Published
December 15, 2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Adv Kashif Sartaj (Author)
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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1.
Sartaj AK. Cyber Law in Pakistan: A Legal Analysis of Online Fraud, Digital Financial Crime, and Comparative International Frameworks [Internet]. Pakistan Digital Publishers; 2025 [cited 2026 Jun. 24]. Available from: https://pakistandigitalpublishers.cloud/index.php/home/catalog/book/41
